This impedes guidance concerning analysis and development of gamification concepts, and often results in non-effective gamification designs. A remaining challenge in gamification is that no shared understanding of the meaning and classification of gamification elements currently exists. Gamification is a well-known approach that refers to the use of elements to increase the motivation of information systems users. We were able to show that fintech platform orchestrates multiple market sides and that customers take four distinct roles at the center of the ecosystem when using fintech services. We present a holistic value network for the fintech ecosystem based on structured literature review and analysis of 171 fintech companies. Therefore, this research paper aims to analyze key players, value creation activities, and value streams based on the analysis of the business models of payment services, personal financial management, robo-advisory, peer-to-peer lending, trading, and cryptocurrency. Despite the growing interest in fintech's, research has so far lacked a conceptualization of value creation in fintech ecosystems. With the gradual transition from a scale economy to a platform-driven network economy, enterprise networks are gaining strategic importance. The financial sector is undergoing a massive transformation, with new technology-driven players challenging established mechanisms and transforming the sector into a fast-moving market. Lastly, a third study presents meta-requirements and design principles for RA addressing the problem of unethical behavior that can decrease trust and the adoption of RA. A second study focuses on RA portfolio recommendations, providing an understanding of how they differ, especially in structure, selected products, performance, and risk. One study focuses on the business model of RA, aiming at understanding their distinct elements and finding major similarities and differences. The second research area addresses the focused analysis and design of certain RA components. The practical positioning of RA in the broader landscape of FinTech is approached in the context of mobile personal finance applications. From a scientific perspective the relevant literature about RA is systematized in a new Organizing Framework for RA Research.
The first research area addresses the positioning of RA in science and practice providing a structure for more in-depth analyses. The dissertation thereby covers two main research areas. This cumulative dissertation consists of and critically discusses five peer-reviewed and co-authored publications by me about the digitalization and automation of financial advice, so-called Robo-Advice (RA). Potential users of these applications can use our findings to select mobile applications to optimize their personal finance endeavors. While we classify the field and give inclinations for future research, financial service providers and application developers can understand their competitors and use our insights to improve their applications. Additionally, we empirically identify ten distinct clusters of archetypical application configurations. We classify 170 mobile personal finance applications into twelve dimensions, combining a technical artifact perspective with a financial services perspective.
We provide insights by developing a taxonomy and conducting a cluster analysis of mobile personal finance applications. Still, research lacks a rigorous classification of this critical mobile commerce domain. Mobile personal finance applications cannot only assist users in daily personal finance activities, e.g., mobile banking, but can also guide users to optimize long-term financial decisions.
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